As an acupuncturist specializing in women's menstrual health and fertility, I spend a lot of my time discussing various aspects of reproductive health with my clients.
One topic that frequently arises is the role of sperm in fertility. While much attention is typically given to female reproductive health, it is important to remember that conception is a collaborative effort between both partners! I am expecting commitment from everyone when it comes to conception.
In this blog post, I will explore why sperm matters in fertility and how understanding its significance can empower couples on their journey to parenthood.
I hope you enjoy reading this blog and if you have any questions then please feel free to message me.
Andrea the Period Acupuncturist
Acupuncture for Fertility in Hertfordshire
Why sperm health matters to fertility!
The onus, for too long, has been on the woman when it comes to fertility treatments and education however there is no denying that sperm health is declining. And with that are our standards.
In 1940 the WHO deemed a concentration of fewer than 60 million sperm per mL to be “low.” In 2010 they reclassified this "low" to 15 million sperm per mL.
Goodness knows what is now considered acceptable in 2024. Research suggests that male fertility has declined by at least 50% between 1973 and 2018 and data suggests that this worldwide decline is continuing in the 21st century at an accelerated pace.
But not on my watch. Because sperm health matters.
It impacts your chances of fertility
Is an indicator of health issues
Impacts the DNA that is passed on to future generation
And we (you) have the power to do something about it.
The Journey of Sperm
The sperm's story begins in the testes, specifically within the seminiferous tubules.
Here, under the influence of testosterone, luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), estradiol (E2), and sex hormone-binding hormone (SHBG), the process of spermatogenesis and sperm maturation unfolds. This intricate process takes roughly 70 days, with immature germ cells transforming into mature sperm.
Once mature, sperm travel through a series of ducts, including the epididymis, where they gain motility (the ability to swim). Finally, they reach the seminal vesicles and prostate gland, where seminal fluid is added, providing nutrients and protection.
Quality and Quantity Matters
During ejaculation, millions of sperm are expelled, embarking on their mission to reach and fertilize an egg.
Several key factors determine a sperm's potential to achieve fertilization:
Morphology: This refers to the size and shape of the sperm. Ideally, sperm should have a head with an oval shape, a midpiece with a connecting piece, and a long, whip-like tail. Abnormal morphology (teratospermia) can hinder a sperm's ability to swim effectively or penetrate the egg. A study published in the Asian Journal of Andrology found a significant association between abnormal sperm morphology and decreased fertilization rates.
Motility: Motility refers to a sperm's ability to move and propel itself. Sperm need strong, progressive motility to navigate the female reproductive tract and reach the egg. Poor motility (asthenozoospermia) can significantly reduce the chances of fertilization. Research published in Fertility and Sterility found a correlation between low sperm motility and decreased pregnancy rates during in vitro fertilization (IVF) cycles.
Count: Semen count relates to how many sperm you have in your semen sample. Oligospermia is when there is a low sperm concentration.
pH: Semen also has a vital chemical property: pH. A healthy semen pH should be slightly alkaline, ranging from 7.35 to 7.45. An acidic environment can damage sperm and hinder their ability to fertilize the egg. Several factors, including infections and certain medications, can alter semen pH.
Testing for sperm health
If you are struggling with conception or want to understand your sperm health for your future self (a huge green flag from me) this is the testing I would suggest for men and women.
For men and sperm, I would be specifically looking at:
Sex hormones (these tests should be done in the morning):
LH (luteinising hormone)
FSH (follicular stimulating hormone)
Progesterone
E2 (estradiol)
Testosterone
SHBG (sex hormone binding globulin)
Prostate specific anigen
DHEA
Semen analysis including
Morphology
Motility
Count
Thyroid
Vitamin D
Seminal microbiome e.g. Invivo
DNA Fragmentation e.g. COMET
Prolactin
Ultrasound
Infection testing
Ureaplasma
Questions I am asking about your sperm health
You may have no signs or symptoms of anything wrong with your sperm, but this does not necessarily mean that it is in a healthy condition.
I am a detective when it comes to your conception plans and I want to ensure that the sperm is as healthy as it can be. Any of the below can indicate troubles and may impact your chances of a natural pregnancy.
Questions I am asking about your sperm health include:
Do you have aching, heavy or hot testicles?
Are you a smoker (this includes vaping and/or cannabis)?
Do you have frequent urination and/or burning urination?
Is there an unpleasant semen odour?
Do you have pink or streaked semen?
How is your digestion?
Do you binge drink?
What are your sleeping habits like?
Do you have a low libido?
Do you have morning erections?
Do you experience night sweats?
Factors Affecting Sperm Health
Various factors can impact sperm health, including lifestyle choices, environmental factors, and underlying medical conditions. Smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, poor diet, obesity, exposure to toxins or radiation, and certain medications can all have detrimental effects on sperm quality.
Both partners need to prioritize their overall well-being when trying to conceive.
Lifestyle: Diet, exercise, and overall health significantly influence sperm production. A poor diet lacking essential nutrients, excessive alcohol consumption, smoking, and drug use can all contribute to decreased sperm count and motility. Research published in Human Reproduction Update suggests a link between a high body mass index (BMI) and poorer semen quality
Environmental factors: Exposure to certain toxins and chemicals, such as pesticides, herbicides, and heavy metals, can negatively impact sperm health. A study published in Environmental Health Perspectives found an association between occupational exposure to organophosphate pesticides and decreased sperm motility [5].
Medical conditions: Certain medical conditions, such as varicocele (enlarged veins in the scrotum) and hormonal imbalances, can affect sperm production and quality.
Undescended testicles: If a testicle does not descend into the scrotum during fetal development, it can lead to impaired sperm production due to the higher temperature in the abdomen.
Infections: Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) can damage sperm and impede their ability to fertilize an egg.
Medications: Steroids, opioids and anti-inflammatories e.g. Ibuprofen can affect sperm, testicles, testosterone
What Is A Varicocele?
A varicocele is when veins become enlarged inside the scrotum (the skin that holds your testicles). These veins are called the pampiniform plexus.
Varicoceles affects approximately 15% of adult males and 35% of those complaining of primary infertility.
There may be no signs or symptoms of a varicocele, but there may be:
A dull ache in the testicles which might get worse during the day
Uncomfortable heaviness in the testicles
The impact of a varicocele on fertility
In a 2023 systematic review and meta-analysis, they found of 1357 patients
“Varicocele treatment improved pregnancy rates and sperm concentration”
Empowering You and Your Sperm Health
The good news? With sperm regenerating approximately every 70 days there is lots of opportunity to have an impact on your sperm health.
These are some of the steps you can take to improve sperm health:
Diet: A balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean protein provides the essential nutrients needed for healthy sperm production. Consider incorporating foods rich in antioxidants, such as walnuts and berries, as these can help combat oxidative stress which can damage sperm [6].
Exercise: Regular physical activity can improve sperm count and motility. Aim for moderate-intensity exercise for at least 30 minutes most days of the week.
Maintain a healthy weight: Obesity can negatively impact sperm health. Losing weight if overweight or obese can improve sperm quality.
Limit alcohol and drug use: Excessive alcohol and drug use can significantly reduce sperm count and impact morphology
Regular ejaculation: to avoid sperm just "sitting" around
Heat: avoid heat directly to the area. For example, avoid having heated seats in the car or having your laptop on your lap
Good sleep: This diurnal clock is when your hormones are doing their jobs. Poor sleep is also linked to impaired sperm quality and reduced sperm count. Please start trying to ensure you both aim for 8 hours of sleep per night
The importance of emotional well-being: Fertility is not just a physical process; it is deeply intertwined with our emotional well-being. Stress, anxiety, and feelings of inadequacy can all impact fertility outcomes. Couples must prioritize self-care, seek emotional support when needed, and explore relaxation techniques such as meditation or yoga. By nurturing their emotional well-being, couples can create a more fertile environment for conception.
Supplements for Sperm Health: Exploring the Evidence
While a healthy lifestyle is the cornerstone of improving sperm health, some men may consider supplements to provide additional support. Here's a look at some commonly explored options and the current research:
Antioxidants: Antioxidants like Vitamin C, E, and Coenzyme Q10 may help protect sperm from oxidative stress, potentially improving sperm quality [15]. However, research results are mixed, and more studies are needed to determine the optimal dosage and effectiveness.
Zinc: Zinc is a crucial mineral for sperm production and motility [16]. Studies suggest that zinc supplementation may be beneficial for men with marginal sperm deficiencies. However, excessive zinc intake can be counterproductive, so consult a doctor before taking supplements.
L-arginine: This amino acid may improve sperm motility by increasing nitric oxide production [17]. However, the evidence is limited, and further research is needed to confirm its effectiveness.
Folic Acid: Research suggests that folic acid supplementation may improve sperm morphology [18]. While typically associated with female fertility, folic acid plays a role in sperm development as well.
Medicinal mushrooms: like Cordyceps and Reishi have long been used in traditional Chinese medicine to enhance vitality and promote overall well-being.
It's important to note that supplements are not a magic bullet, and their effectiveness can vary depending on individual circumstances. Always consult with a doctor before starting any new supplements, especially if you have underlying health conditions or are taking medications.
The Role of Acupuncture for Sperm Health and Fertility
Acupuncture has been used for centuries to promote overall health and well-being. When it comes to fertility, acupuncture can play a significant role in supporting both male and female reproductive systems.
For men, acupuncture can help improve sperm quality by reducing inflammation, increasing blood flow to the reproductive organs, and balancing hormones.
By addressing any imbalances or blockages in the body, acupuncture can enhance fertility potential.
Seeking Support
If you've been trying to conceive without success or have concerns about sperm health, seeking professional support is essential. I have included below some amazing people and resources when it comes to men's fertility health.
Suks Minhas or Tet Yao at London Andrology
Sheryl Homa at Andrology Solutions
Phillipa Sangster or Wai Lee at St Peter's Andrology Centre
Ian Stones at TestHim
Additionally, working with a qualified acupuncturist who specialises in fertility can complement conventional treatments and offer holistic support.
Conclusion
When it comes to fertility, both partners play an integral role. Understanding the importance of sperm health empowers couples to take proactive steps towards optimizing their reproductive potential. By prioritizing overall well-being, seeking appropriate support, and nurturing emotional health, couples can embark on their journey to parenthood with confidence and hope.
Remember, conception is a collaborative effort, and together, you can create the foundation for new life.
Please note: This blog post is for informational purposes only and should not be taken as medical advice. Always consult with a healthcare professional for personalized guidance and treatment options.
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